Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani was born on December 12, 1880 in Sayadhangara Palli, Sirajganj . His father was Haji Sharafat Ali. Four children were born to Haji Sharafat Ali and Begum Sharafat Ali. One daughter and three sons. Md. Abdul Hamid Khan was the youngest. His nickname was Chega Mia. Haji Sharafat Ali died when the children were still very young. A few days later, Begum Sharafat and two sons died in an epidemic. The little boy, Abdul Hamid Khan, survived.
Fatherless Hamid initially stayed with his uncle Ibrahim for a few days. At that time, Nasir Uddin Bogdadi, an Iraqi scholar and religious preacher, came to Sirajganj. Hamid spent some time with him. Then, in 1893, a few days before the First World War, he went to the house of Shamsuddin Ahmed Chowdhury, a landlord of Panchbibi Upazila in Joypurhat district. There, he worked as a madrasa teacher and took on the responsibility of teaching the landlord’s sons and daughters. In 1897, he went to Assam with Pir Syed Nasiruddin . In 1903, he joined the movement. In 1907, he went to Deoband for Islamic education . After studying there for two years, he returned to Assam. In 1917, when Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das visited Mymensingh, Bhasani was inspired by his speech. He joined the Congress in 1919 and participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement and served ten months in prison. When Deshbandhu Chittaranjan formed the Swarajya Party in 1923 , Bhasani played a role in organizing that party. In 1925, he married Alema Khatun, daughter of Zamindar Shamsuddin Mohammad Chowdhury of Panchbibi Upazila of Joypurhat. In 1926, he went to Assam with his wife Alema Khatun and initiated the first peasant-tenant movement in Assam. In 1929, he organized the first peasant conference at Bhasan Char on the Brahmaputra River in Dhubri district of Assam . From here, he was named “Bhasani’s Maulana”. From then on, the word Bhasani was added to the end of his name .